CCNP  

  • Configuring VLANs

    The Catalyst 4908G-L3 switches do not support VTP. Therefore, in this example, the Catalyst 3512XL switches are configured in VTP transparent mode because a VTP domain cannot be extended across the Catalyst 4908G-L3.

    The configuration is the same on Catalyst 3512XL-01, 3512XL-02, and 3512XL-03:
     

      3512XL-01#vlan database
3512XL-01(vlan)#vtp transparent
Setting device to VTP TRANSPARENT mode.
3512XL-01(vlan)#vlan 10 name Vlan10
VLAN 10 added:
    Name: Vlan10
3512XL-01(vlan)#vlan 20 name Vlan20
VLAN 20 added:
    Name: Vlan20
3512XL-01(vlan)#vlan 30 name Vlan30
VLAN 30 added:
    Name: Vlan30
3512XL-01(vlan)#vlan 40 name Vlan40
VLAN 40 added:
    Name: Vlan40
3512XL-01(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
3512XL-01#

    You can verify the VLAN configuration using the show vtp status and the show vlan commands:

      3512XL-01#show vtp status
VTP Version                     : 2
Configuration Revision          : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 254
Number of existing VLANs        : 9
VTP Operating Mode              : Transparent
VTP Domain Name                 :
VTP Pruning Mode                : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode                     : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled
MD5 digest                      : 0xF0 0xEA 0x28 0x34 0xA1 0xC6 0x2A 0xDE
Configuration last modified by 10.10.1.10 at 9-18-00 18:04:06
3512XL-01#show vlan
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4,
                                                Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8,
                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,
                                                Gi0/1, Gi0/2
10   Vlan10                           active
20   Vlan20                           active
30   Vlan30                           active
40   Vlan40                           active
1002 fddi-default                     active
1003 token-ring-default               active
1004 fddinet-default                  active
1005 trnet-default                    active

VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   1003
10   enet  100010     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
20   enet  100020     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
30   enet  100030     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
40   enet  100040     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1      1003
1003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      1002
1004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0
1005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        IBM  -        0      0
3512XL-01#
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Cellular phones
Digital wireless technologies
By Lars-Terje Lysemose

Compared to the old wireless analog technologies, digital wireless technologies offer many extra features like data and text messages and notably enhanced sound quality. This is possible because the signal as digital bits can be manipulated in a way that adds capacity to the network system, increases call clarity, and allows the use of digital protocols.

Despite the name, however, the Personal Communications System-PCS-isn't just one system, but a number of systems.

GSM

Developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the Global System for Mobile Communications has been used commercially since 1991. It serves close to 30 million subscribers in about 100 countries, or almost one third of the total world market for wireless telecommunications. GSM is the fastest growing wireless phone technology in the world, expected to reach more than 100 million users by the year 2000-and eventually, half the market for mobile phones. Supported by more than 200 network service providers, GSM networks already cover more than 2.7 billion people in Europe, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, China, India, and other parts of Asia, the Middle East, and North America.

Each GSM phone has a removable Smart Card, also known as Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) roughly the size of a credit card or a micro chip. The card is used for storing phone numbers, your PIN code, billing information, and subscriber identity.

In Europe, GSM usually refers to digital cellular networks that use the 900 MHz frequency band. Since these networks have suffered from congestion, a new upbanded version was created in 1993 called Digital Communications System 1800 (DCS). DCS can use the same features as 900 MHz GSM but it operates in the 1700-1800 MHz range.

In North America, GSM is also known as PCS-1900, using the 1850-1990 MHz band.

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access, using the 800 MHz frequency range, was the first digital technology to be used in the U.S. by cellular systems. Transmission, however, also included echoes and other distortions. The recently established PCS version is called IS-136 TDMA. Network service providers can use this standard to migrate their networks from analog to digital operation, thereby increasing capacity.

By the year 2000, TDMA is expected to support 24 million users, 19 million of them in the U.S.

CDMA

The PCS Code Division Multiple Access system was not released commercially until 1996. CDMA has only about 250,000 users worldwide, expected to grow to 32 million in three years.

The major difference between GSM and CDMA is in how CDMA adds capacity to a wireless network. Instead of dividing calls up by time like GSM and TDMA, CDMA assigns each call a unique code. CDMA thus has the highest network capacity of any wireless technology.

For more information on digital wireless technologies, check out these Web sites: Cell Talk (http://www.celltalk.com), GSM World (http://www.gsmworld.com), The Personal Communications Industry Association (http://www.pcia.com), and The World of Wireless Communications (http://www.wow-com.com/consumer).

(Editorial intern and contributing writer Lars-Terje Lysemose has been on the 900 MHz GSM waves in Europe since 1994.)

 


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