Introduction to Administering Active Directory

This guide explains how to administer Microsoft Active Directory. These activities are part of the operating phase of the information technology (IT) life cycle. If you are not familiar with this guide, review the following sections of this introduction.

When to Use This Guide

You should use this guide when:

•	You want to manage common Active Directory problems that are associated with misconfiguration.
•	You want to configure Active Directory to increase network availability.

This guide assumes a basic understanding of what Active Directory is, how it works, and why your organization uses it to access, manage, and secure shared resources across your network. You should also have a thorough understanding of how Active Directory is deployed and managed in your organization. This includes an understanding of the mechanism your organization uses to configure and manage Active Directory settings.

This guide can be used by organizations that have deployed Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1). It includes information that is relevant to different roles within an IT organization, including IT operations management and administrators. It contains high-level information that is required to plan an Active Directory operations environment. This information provides management-level knowledge of Active Directory and the IT processes required to operate it.

In addition, this guide contains more detailed procedures that are designed for operators who have varied levels of expertise and experience. Although the procedures provide operator guidance from start to finish, operators must have a basic proficiency with the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and snap-ins and know how to start administrative programs and access the command line. If operators are not familiar with Active Directory, it might be necessary for IT planners or IT managers to review the relevant operations in this guide and provide the operators with parameters or data that must be entered when the operation is performed.

How to Use this Guide

The operations areas are divided into the following types of content:

•	Objectives are high-level goals for managing, monitoring, optimizing, and securing Active Directory. Each objective consists of one or more high-level tasks that describe how the objective is accomplished.
•	Tasks are used to group related procedures and provide general guidance for achieving the goals of an objective.
•	Procedures provide step-by-step instructions for completing the task.

If you are an IT manager who will be delegating tasks to operators within your organization, you will want to:

•	Read through the objectives and tasks to determine how to delegate permissions and whether you need to install tools before operators perform the procedures for each task.
•	Before assigning tasks to individual operators, ensure that you have all the tools installed where operators can use them.
•	When necessary, create “tear sheets” for each task that operators perform within your organization. Cut and paste the task and its related procedures into a separate document and then either print these documents or store them online, depending on the preference of your organization.

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Setup Manager

Is a Win32 application that runs only on Windows 2000. It can create answer files that can be used to automate the installation of Windows 2000 on multiple computers. Setup Manager can also extract the configuration information from a preconfigured system into an answer file to replicate that configuration on other machines.

Answer Files

Unattended Setup in Windows 2000 uses an ASCII text file called an answer file to supply data that would otherwise be entered manually when you run the Setup Wizard. The answer file is specified on either a Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe command line when the unattended setup option is used.

Answer files answer the questions that Setup would normally ask the user while it is installing or upgrading Windows 2000. For example, Setup normally asks the user to supply a name for the computer. But if you supply the name for the computer in the answer file, Setup does not have to prompt the user.

The following answer file is the default Unattend.txt

[Unattended]
UnattendMode = FullUnattended
OemPreinstall = No
TargetPath = Winnt
Filesystem = LeaveAlone

[UserData]

FullName = "Your user name"
OrgName = "Your organization name"
It is recommended that you avoid using spaces in the ComputerName value.
ComputerName = "YourComputer_name"
To ensure a fully unattended installation, you must provide a value for the ProductId key
ProductId = "Your product ID"

[GuiUnattended]

Sets the TimeZone. For example, to set the TimeZone for the Pacific Northwest, use a value of "004." Be sure to use the numeric value that represents your own time zone. To look up a numeric value, see the Unattend.doc file on the Windows 2000 CD.
TimeZone = "YourTimeZone"
It is recommended that you change the administrator password before the computer is placed at its final destination.
AdminPassword = AdminPassword
Tells Unattended Setup to turn AutoLogon on and log on once.
AutoLogon = Yes
AutoLogonCount = 1

[LicenseFilePrintData]

This section is used for server installs.
AutoMode = "PerServer"
AutoUsers = "5"

[GuiRunOnce]

List the programs that you want to start when you log on to the computer for the first time.

[Display]

BitsPerPel = 8
XResolution = 800
YResolution = 600
VRefresh = 70

[Networking]

When you set the value of the InstallDefaultComponents key to Yes, Setup will install default networking components. The components to be set are TCP/IP, File and Print Sharing, and Client for Microsoft Networks.
InstallDefaultComponents = Yes

[Identification]

Identifies your workgroup. It is recommended that you avoid using spaces in this value.
JoinWorkgroup = "YourWorkgroup"