Introduction to Administering Active Directory

 
This guide explains how to administer Microsoft Active Directory. These activities are part of the operating phase of the information technology (IT) life cycle. If you are not familiar with this guide, review the following sections of this introduction.

When to Use This Guide

You should use this guide when:
• You want to manage common Active Directory problems that are associated with misconfiguration.
• You want to configure Active Directory to increase network availability.

This guide assumes a basic understanding of what Active Directory is, how it works, and why your organization uses it to access, manage, and secure shared resources across your network. You should also have a thorough understanding of how Active Directory is deployed and managed in your organization. This includes an understanding of the mechanism your organization uses to configure and manage Active Directory settings.

This guide can be used by organizations that have deployed Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1). It includes information that is relevant to different roles within an IT organization, including IT operations management and administrators. It contains high-level information that is required to plan an Active Directory operations environment. This information provides management-level knowledge of Active Directory and the IT processes required to operate it.

In addition, this guide contains more detailed procedures that are designed for operators who have varied levels of expertise and experience. Although the procedures provide operator guidance from start to finish, operators must have a basic proficiency with the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and snap-ins and know how to start administrative programs and access the command line. If operators are not familiar with Active Directory, it might be necessary for IT planners or IT managers to review the relevant operations in this guide and provide the operators with parameters or data that must be entered when the operation is performed.

How to Use this Guide

The operations areas are divided into the following types of content:
• Objectives are high-level goals for managing, monitoring, optimizing, and securing Active Directory. Each objective consists of one or more high-level tasks that describe how the objective is accomplished.
• Tasks are used to group related procedures and provide general guidance for achieving the goals of an objective.
• Procedures provide step-by-step instructions for completing the task.

If you are an IT manager who will be delegating tasks to operators within your organization, you will want to:

• Read through the objectives and tasks to determine how to delegate permissions and whether you need to install tools before operators perform the procedures for each task.
• Before assigning tasks to individual operators, ensure that you have all the tools installed where operators can use them.
• When necessary, create “tear sheets” for each task that operators perform within your organization. Cut and paste the task and its related procedures into a separate document and then either print these documents or store them online, depending on the preference of your organization.

 

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Upgrade to Windows 2000 Professional.

 

To upgrade from Windows 95/98, or Windows NT 4.0

You must uncompress any DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volumes before upgrading to Windows 2000

 

  1. Start your current operating system, and then insert the Win 2000 CD.
  2. If Windows automatically detects the CD and asks if you would like to upgrade your computer to Win 2000, click Yes. Otherwise, click Run. At the prompt, type d:\i386\winnt32.exe
  3. Follow the instructions that appear

Apply update packs to installed software applications.

If you are installing Win 2000 with NT 4 on a partition and will be using NTFS, you must have Service Pack 4 for NT 4 which contains updates that enable NT 4 to be able to read and write files on an NTFS 5 volume.

Prepare a computer to meet upgrade requirements.

Minimum hardware requirements

  • 133 MHz Pentium or higher microprocessor (or equivalent).
  • 64 megabytes of RAM recommended minimum 32 MB of RAM is the minimum supported. 4 gigabytes (GB) of RAM is the maximum.
  • 2 GB hard disk with 650 MB of free space.
  • VGA or higher resolution monitor.

    • Dual boot Windows 9x/ NT 4.0/2000

    Windows 2000 supports dual booting with the following operating systems

  • Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0
  • Windows 95, Windows 98
  • Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.11
  • MS-DOS
  • OS/2

    • Windows 2000 supports multiple booting with MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 3.51, and Windows NT 4.0.

    If you intend to create a dual-boot system with Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 as the only installed operating systems, you must ensure that you have installed Service Pack 4 for Windows NT 4.0. Windows 2000 will automatically upgrade any NTFS partitions it finds on your system to NTFS 5. Windows NT 4.0 requires Service Pack 4 to be able to read and write files on an NTFS 5 volume.

     

    • Each operating system should be installed on a separate drive or disk partition.
    • You should use a FAT file system for dual-boot configurations. Although using NTFS in a dual boot is supported, such a configuration introduces additional complexity into the choice of file systems.
    • You cannot install both Windows 95 and Windows 98 in a multiple-boot configuration. Windows 98 is intended as an upgrade to Windows 95 and will try to use the same boot file.
    • To set up a dual-boot configuration between MS-DOS or Windows 95 and Windows 2000, you should install Windows 2000 last. Otherwise, important files needed to start Windows 2000 could be overwritten.
    • For a dual boot between Windows 98 and Windows 2000, it isn't necessary to install the operating systems in a particular order.
    • For a dual boot of Windows 2000 with Windows 95 or MS-DOS, the primary partition must be formatted as FAT; for a dual boot with Windows 95 OSR2 or Windows 98, the primary partition must be formatted as FAT or FAT32, not NTFS.
    • If you're upgrading a dual-boot computer, you can't gain access to NTFS partitions from any operating system other than Windows NT 4.0 with SP4.
    • If you install Windows 2000 on a computer that dual boots OS/2 and MS-DOS, Windows 2000 Setup configures your system so you can dual boot between Windows 2000 and the operating system (MS-DOS or OS/2) you most recently used before running Windows 2000 Setup.
    • Don't install Windows 2000 on a compressed drive unless the drive was compressed with the NTFS file system compression utility.
    • Windows 95 or Windows 98 might reconfigure hardware settings the first time you use them, which can cause problems if you're dual booting with Windows 2000. So run these OS's first before installing 2000.
    • If you want your programs to run on both operating systems on a dual-boot computer, you need to install them from within each operating system. You can't share programs across operating systems.

     

     


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