Introduction to Administering Active Directory

This guide explains how to administer Microsoft Active Directory. These activities are part of the operating phase of the information technology (IT) life cycle. If you are not familiar with this guide, review the following sections of this introduction.

When to Use This Guide

You should use this guide when:

•	You want to manage common Active Directory problems that are associated with misconfiguration.
•	You want to configure Active Directory to increase network availability.

This guide assumes a basic understanding of what Active Directory is, how it works, and why your organization uses it to access, manage, and secure shared resources across your network. You should also have a thorough understanding of how Active Directory is deployed and managed in your organization. This includes an understanding of the mechanism your organization uses to configure and manage Active Directory settings.

This guide can be used by organizations that have deployed Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 (SP1). It includes information that is relevant to different roles within an IT organization, including IT operations management and administrators. It contains high-level information that is required to plan an Active Directory operations environment. This information provides management-level knowledge of Active Directory and the IT processes required to operate it.

In addition, this guide contains more detailed procedures that are designed for operators who have varied levels of expertise and experience. Although the procedures provide operator guidance from start to finish, operators must have a basic proficiency with the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and snap-ins and know how to start administrative programs and access the command line. If operators are not familiar with Active Directory, it might be necessary for IT planners or IT managers to review the relevant operations in this guide and provide the operators with parameters or data that must be entered when the operation is performed.

How to Use this Guide

The operations areas are divided into the following types of content:

•	Objectives are high-level goals for managing, monitoring, optimizing, and securing Active Directory. Each objective consists of one or more high-level tasks that describe how the objective is accomplished.
•	Tasks are used to group related procedures and provide general guidance for achieving the goals of an objective.
•	Procedures provide step-by-step instructions for completing the task.

If you are an IT manager who will be delegating tasks to operators within your organization, you will want to:

•	Read through the objectives and tasks to determine how to delegate permissions and whether you need to install tools before operators perform the procedures for each task.
•	Before assigning tasks to individual operators, ensure that you have all the tools installed where operators can use them.
•	When necessary, create “tear sheets” for each task that operators perform within your organization. Cut and paste the task and its related procedures into a separate document and then either print these documents or store them online, depending on the preference of your organization.

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Permissions for files and folders:

Traverse Folder/Execute

File Traverse Folder allows or denies moving through folders to reach other files or folders, even if the user has no permissions for the traversed folders (applies to folders only). Traverse folder takes effect only when the group or user is not granted the Bypass traverse checking user right in the Group Policy snap-in. (By default, the Everyone group is given the Bypass traverse checking user right.) Execute File allows or denies running program files (applies to files only).

List Folder/Read Data

List Folder allows or denies viewing file names and subfolder names within the folder (applies to folders only). Read Data allows or denies viewing data in files (applies to files only).

Read Attributes

Allows or denies viewing the attributes of a file or folder, such as read-only and hidden. Attributes are defined by NTFS.

Read Extended Attributes

Allows or denies viewing the extended attributes of a file or folder. Extended attributes are defined by programs and may vary by program.

Create Files/Write Data

Create Files allows or denies creating files within the folder (applies to folders only). Write Data allows or denies making changes to the file and overwriting existing content (applies to files only).

Create Folders/Append Data

Create Folders allows or denies creating folders within the folder (applies to folders only). Append Data allows or denies making changes to the end of the file but not changing, deleting, or overwriting existing data (applies to files only).

Write Attributes

Allows or denies changing the attributes of a file or folder, such as read-only or hidden. Attributes are defined by NTFS.

Write Extended Attributes

Allows or denies changing the extended attributes of a file or folder. Extended attributes are defined by programs and may vary by program.

Delete Subfolders and Files

Allows or denies deleting subfolders and files, even if the Delete permission has not been granted on the subfolder or file.

Delete

Allows or denies deleting the file or folder. If you don't have Delete permission on a file or folder, you can still delete it if you have been granted Delete Subfolders and Files on the parent folder.

Read Permissions

Allows or denies reading permissions of the file or folder, such as Full Control, Read, and Write.

Change Permissions

Allows or denies changing permissions of the file or folder, such as Full Control, Read, and Write.

Take Ownership

Allows or denies taking ownership of the file or folder. The owner of a file or folder can always change permissions on it, regardless of any existing permissions that protect the file or folder.

Synchronize

Allows or denies different threads to wait on the handle for the file or folder and synchronize with another thread that may signal it. This permission applies only to multithreaded, multiprocess programs.