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Image-based Installations of NLB Clusters

Image-based Installations of NLB Clusters

Image-based installations, also known as disk cloning or simply cloning, is the fastest method of deploying Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Server. Image-based installations are useful if you are deploying computers that have similar hardware and you want to perform quick, clean installations with minimal end user interaction

Cloning NLB Clusters consists of the following steps:

1. Building a master installation on a master computer. Building a master installation includes installing and configuring the operating system and any software and drivers you need to include on your virtual hard disk.
2. Preparing the master installation with the Sysprep tool. This includes configuring and running the Sysprep tool on the master computer.
3. Generating a virtual hard disk of the master installation with the disk-imaging tool. This includes saving each virtual hard disk to a permanent storage location.
4. Loading virtual hard disks on destination computers that will make up a cluster.

Using SYSPREP to prepare for imaging

 

Building a Master Installation

You need to setup a master computer which you will use to build a master installation and later to create a virtual hard disk.

Building a master installation includes installing and configuring the operating system and any software and drivers you need to include on your virtual hard disk.

Prepare the master installation.

After you have prepared a master installation on the master computer, you need to prepare a virtual hard disk for cloning. Microsoft provides a tool called sysprep that allows you to prepare an image for cloning. The tool can be found on the Windows Advanced Server 2003 CD in the \support\tools directory. When you run sysprep on the master computer, you can supply one of the following two switches: -factory or reseal.

You can use Factory mode to install additional drivers and applications at the stage after the reboot that follows Sysprep. Normally, running Sysprep as the last step in the pre-installation process prepares the computer for delivery. When rebooted, the computer starts Mini-Setup. By running Sysprep with the -factory option, the computer reboots in a network-enabled state without starting Mini-Setup. In this state, Factory.exe processes its answer file, Winbom.ini, and performs the following actions:

1. Copies drivers from a network source to the computer
2. Starts Plug and Play enumeration
3. Stages, installs, and uninstalls applications on the computer from source files located on either the computer or a network source
4. Adds customer data

When finished, run Sysprep with the -reseal option to prepare the virtual hard disk for cloning.

For example, you can create a master installation that contains a minimal set of drivers, run sysprep -factory, create an image of the installation, and copy the image to multiple destination computers. If any destination computers require additional drivers, run sysprep -factory on the destination computer and load those drivers at that time.

For more information about the Factory mode and winbom.ini file, refer to Microsoft Windows XP Preinstallation Guide. This document is located in Deploy.cab on the Windows Server 2003 CD.

If you do not need to install any additional drivers or applications on the destination computers, run sysprep in the Reseal mode.

Sysprep and Sysprep.inf Answer file

To completely automate NLB cluster installation, you will need to use the sysprep.inf file which is an answer file used by sysprep during and after Mini-Setup.

Required Sections and Entries in sysprep.inf

A fully unattended Setup requires the following sections and entries:
Required section Required entries in that section Comments
[Unattended] UnattendMode

TargetPath

 
[GuiUnattended] AdminPassword

TimeZone

 
[Identification] JoinWorkgroup You may instead specify JoinDomain, DomainAdmin, and DomainAdminPassword.
[LicenseFilePrintData] AutoMode

AutoUsers

Requires AutoUsers ifAutoMode = PerServer.
[Networking]   Required to configure network protocols.
[UserData] ComputerName

FullName

 

Please refer to the Operating System Sections and Entries for Unattended Install section of this document for an explanation of what each of these entries is used for.

NLB-specific Sections and Entries

See section NLB-specific Sections and Entries for NLB specific configuration options in the sysprep.inf answer file.

 

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Introduction to TCP/IP

 

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is an industry standard protocol stack that is used for communication between Windows 2003-based computers. TCP/IP is designed for communication across

large-scale networks. The tasks involved in using TCP/IP in the communication process are distributed between protocols that are organized into four distinct layers of the TCP/IP stack. Each protocol in the TCP/IP stack has a distinct role in the communication process.

 

During the communication process, many applications may be in communication at the same time. TCP/IP has the ability to differentiate one application from another. TCP/IP identifies an application on one computer and

then moves the data from that application to an application on another computer.

 

TCP/IP Layers

TCP/IP uses a four-layer communication model to transmit data from one location to another. The four layers in this model are application, transport, Internet, and network interface. All protocols that belong to the TCP/IP

protocol stack are located in these layers of the model.

 

Application Layer

The application layer is the topmost layer in the TCP/IP stack. All applications and utilities are contained in this layer and use this layer to gain access to the network. The protocols in this layer are used for the formatting and exchange of user information. They include:

 

  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP is used to transfer files that make up the Web pages of the World Wide Web.

 

  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

FTP is used for interactive file transfer.

 

Transport Layer

The transport layer provides the ability to order and guarantee communication between computers and passes the data up to the application layer or down to the Internet layer. The transport layer also specifies the unique identifier of the application to which data is to be delivered.

 

The transport layer has two core protocols that control the method by which data is delivered. They are:

 

  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP guarantees the delivery of data through an acknowledgement.

 

  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

UDP provides fast delivery of data but does not guarantee data delivery.

 

 

Internet Layer

The Internet layer is responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing the data that is to be transmitted. This layer contains four core protocols:

 

  • Internet Protocol (IP)

IP is responsible for addressing the data to be transmitted and getting it to its destination.

 

  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

ARP is responsible for identifying the media access control (MAC) address of the network adapter on the destination computer.

 

  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

ICMP is responsible for providing diagnostic functions and reporting errors due to unsuccessful delivery of data.

 

  • Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

IGMP is responsible for the management of multicasting within TCP/IP.

 

 


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