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Domain Controller Roles

A domain controller is a server that is running a version of the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000 Server operating system and has the Active Directory directory service installed.

Note

Implementations of the Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 and Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 operating systems also have domain controllers, but they do not support Active Directory.

When you install Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000 Server on a computer, you can choose to configure a specific server role for that computer. When you want to create a new forest, a new domain, or an additional domain controller in an existing domain, you configure the server with the role of domain controller by installing Active Directory.

By default, a domain controller stores one domain directory partition consisting of information about the domain in which it is located, plus the schema and configuration directory partitions for the entire forest. A Windows Server 2003 domain controller can also store one or more application directory partitions. There are also specialized domain controller roles that perform specific functions in an Active Directory environment. These specialized roles include global catalog servers and operations masters.

Global Catalog Servers

Every domain controller stores the objects for the domain in which it is installed. However, a domain controller designated as a global catalog server stores the objects from all domains in the forest. For each object that is not in the domain for which the global catalog server is authoritative as a domain controller, a limited set of attributes is stored in a partial replica of the domain. Therefore, a global catalog server stores its own full, writable domain replica (all objects and all attributes) plus a partial, read-only replica of every other domain in the forest. The global catalog is built and updated automatically by the Active Directory replication system. The object attributes that are replicated to global catalog servers are the attributes that are most likely to be used to search for the object in Active Directory. The attributes that are replicated to the global catalog are identified in the schema as the partial attribute set (PAS) and are defined by Microsoft. However, to optimize searching, you can edit the schema by adding or removing attributes that are stored in the global catalog.

The global catalog makes it possible for clients to search Active Directory without having to be referred from server to server until a domain controller that has the domain directory partition storing the requested object is found. By default, Active Directory searches are directed to global catalog servers.

The first domain controller in a forest is automatically created as a global catalog server. Thereafter, you can designate other domain controllers to be global catalog servers if they are needed.

Operations Masters

Domain controllers that hold operations master roles are designated to perform specific tasks to ensure consistency and to eliminate the potential for conflicting entries in the Active Directory database. Active Directory defines five operations master roles: the schema master, domain naming master, relative identifier (RID) master, primary domain controller (PDC) emulator, and infrastructure master.

The following operations masters perform operations that must occur on only one domain controller in the forest:

Schema master
Domain naming master

The following operations masters perform operations that must occur on only one domain controller in the domain:

Primary Domain Controller (PDC) emulator
Infrastructure master
Relative ID (RID) master

 

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Connect to shared resources on a Microsoft network.

In Windows 2000 Professional only members of the Administrators, or Power Users group, are allowed to set sharing. For Windows 2000 Server, members of the Server Operators group can also set Shared Folders.

You can hide the shared folder from browsing by typing $ as the last character of the share name. Users will not be able to see this shared folder when they browse using My Computer or Windows Explorer.

Types of access permissions for shares:

Read permission allows:

 

  • Viewing file names and subfolder names.
  • Traversing to subfolders.
  • Viewing data in files.
  • Running program files.

 

Change permission allows all Read permissions, plus:

 

  • Adding files and subfolders.
  • Changing data in files.
  • Deleting subfolders and files.

 

Full Control is the default permission applied to any new shares you create. It allows all Read and Change permissions, plus:

 

  • Changing permissions (NTFS files and folders only).
  • Taking ownership (NTFS files and folders only).

 

To share a folder or drive :

 

  • Open Windows Explorer, and then locate the folder or drive you want to share.
  • Right-click the folder or drive, and then click Sharing.
  • On the Sharing tab, click Share this folder.
  • To change the name of the shared folder or drive, type a new name in Share name.
  • The new name is what users will see when they connect to this shared folder or drive, the actual name of the folder or drive does not change.
  • To add a comment about the shared folder or drive, type the text in Comment.
  • To limit the number of users who can connect to the shared folder or drive at one time, under User limit, click Allow, then enter a number of users.( In Windows 2000 Professional, the maximum user limit is 10 regardless of the number you type in Allow. )
  • To set shared folder permissions on the shared folder or drive, click Permissions.
  • To set up this shared folder to be used offline, click Caching.

 


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