Introduction to Domain and Forest Trusts

By using Windows Server 2003 domain and forest trusts, service administrators can create or extend collaborative relationships between two or more domains or forests. Windows Server 2003 domains and forests can also trust Kerberos realms and other Windows Server 2003 forests, as well as Microsoft Windows® 2000 domains and Windows NT® 4.0 domains.

When a trust exists between two domains, the authentication mechanisms for each domain trust the authentications coming from the other domain. Trusts help to provide controlled access to shared resources in a resource domain (the trusting domain) by verifying that incoming authentication requests come from a trusted authority (the trusted domain). In this way, trusts act as bridges that allow only validated authentication requests to travel between domains.

How a specific trust passes authentication requests depends on how it is configured. Trust relationships can be one-way, providing access from the trusted domain to resources in the trusting domain, or two-way, providing access from each domain to resources in the other domain. Trusts are also either nontransitive, in which case a trust exists only between the two trust partner domains, or transitive, in which case a trust automatically extends to any other domains that either of the partners trusts.

In some cases, trust relationships are established automatically when domains are created; in other cases, administrators must choose a type of trust and explicitly establish the appropriate relationships. The specific types of trusts that are used and the structure of the resulting trust relationships in a given trust implementation depend on such factors as how Active Directory is organized and whether different versions of Windows coexist on the network.

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How can I change the volume licensing product key on a Windows XP SP1-Based Computer?

Because of changes in Windows XP Service Pack 1 (SP1), Windows XP-based computers that use a leaked product key that is known to be available to the general public may not be able to install SP1 or automatically obtain updates from the Windows Update Web site. For an easy and quick method of obtaining your own CD Key please read Quickly Retrieve Windows CD Key.

For example, you may experience the symptoms that are described in the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article when you install SP1: 

326904 Error Message: The Product Key Used to Install Windows Is Invalid

There are two (legal) methods that you can use to change the product key with volume licensing media after installation. You can use either the Windows Activation Wizard graphical user interface (GUI) or a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) script.

The easier method to use is the Use the Activation Wizard method. Use this method when you only have a few computers on which to change the product key. The Use a Script method is best when you have a number of computers on which you have to change the product key.

Legal Note: Make sure you understand that this method is indeed legal. This is NO crack, NO hack, there is nothing illegal with this article. I will not, however, encourage any reader to use an illegally obtained CD Key. What you do in your own house/office is your own business, and I cannot and will not be held responsible for your actions.

Method #1: Use the Activation Wizard

If you have only a few volume licensing product keys to change, you can use the Activation Wizard.

 

Note: Microsoft recommends that you run System Restore to create a new restore point before you complete the following steps:

  1. Click Start, and then click Run.

  2. In the Open box, type Regedit, and then click OK.

  3. In the left pane, locate and then click the following registry key:

  1. In the right pane, right-click OOBETimer, and then click Modify.

  2. Change at least one digit of this value to deactivate Windows.

  3. Click Start, and then click Run.

  4. In the Open box, type the following command, and then click OK.

  1. Click Yes, I want to telephone a customer service representative to activate Windows, and then click Next.

  2. Click Change Product key.

  3. Type the new product key in the New key boxes, and then click Update. If you are returned to the previous window, click Remind me later, and then restart the computer.

  4. Repeat steps 6 and 7 to verify that Windows is activated. You receive the following message:

    Windows is already activated. Click OK to exit.

  5. Click OK.

  6. Install SP1 for Windows XP.

If you cannot restart Windows after you install SP1, press F8 when you restart the computer, select Last Known Good Configuration, and then repeat this procedure.

 


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