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About Virtual LANs

Virtual LANs enable network managers to group users logically rather than by physical location. A virtual LAN (VLAN) is an emulation of a standard LAN that allows data transfer and communication to occur without the traditional restraints placed on the network. It can also be considered a broadcast domain set up within a switch. With VLANs, switches can support more than one subnet (or VLAN) on each switch, and give routers and switches the opportunity to support multiple subnets on a single physical link. A group of devices that belong to the same VLAN, but are part of different LAN segments, are configured to communicate as if they were part of the same LAN segment. Layer 3 switching supports up to 244 VLAN subinterfaces per system.

VLANs enable efficient traffic separation and provide excellent bandwidth utilization. VLANs also alleviate scaling issues by logically segmenting the physical LAN structure into different subnetworks so that packets are switched only between ports within the same VLAN. This can be very useful for security, broadcast containment, and accounting.

Layer 3 switching software supports a port-based VLAN on a trunk port, which is a port that carries the traffic of multiple VLANs. Each frame transmitted on a trunk link is tagged as belonging to only one VLAN.

Layer 3 switching software supports VLAN frame encapsulation through the Inter-Switch Link (ISL) protocol and the 802.1Q standard on both the Catalyst 2948G-L3 and the Catalyst 4908G-L3 switch routers.

Figure 5-1 shows a network topology where two VLANs span a Catalyst 5500 switch and a Catalyst 2948G-L3 switch router. Both VLANs in this topology are bridged using the Inter-Switch Link (ISL) protocol.


Figure 5-1   VLANs Spanning Devices in a Network

Note   Four adjacent Fast Ethernet ports on the Catalyst 2948G-L3 (such as Fast Ethernet 1 through 4 or Fast Ethernet 45 through 48) must all use the same VLAN encapsulation; that is, either ISL or 802.1Q.

 

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External and Internet-connected networks

When connecting your mail server to the Internet (or to another ex-organizational mailing system that uses SMTP) you must always make sure that the rest of the world can successfully resolve your domain's MX Record. Failing to do so will cause e-mail traffic not to be delivered to you.

In order to properly configure your domain's MX Record you should contact your ISP (Internet Service Provider) or the party responsible for hosting your DNS Domain name. They will ask you for your FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) and IP address of your mail server. Make sure you know them.

When your mail server is connected directly to the Internet

In cases where no NAT (Network Address Translation) is being used and where your mail server is directly connected to the Internet, you will need to provide them with the FQDN and IP address of your mail server.

Note: This is, by far, the least secure method for connecting a mail server to the Internet.

Let's say you have the following LAN configuration:

                                        Internet
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                   192.90.1.1/29 (Real IP from ISP)
                                             |
                                       Internet Router
                                             |
                               212.143.143.129/25 (Real IP from ISP)
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
Mail Server----------------Switching Hub
212.143.143.130/25                |
(Real IP from ISP)                   |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                              Rest of internal network

In the above example you need to give the mail server's IP address as your MX Record.

Domain name: dpetri.net

Record FQDN

Record Type

Record Value

MX Pref

mail.dpetri.net

A

212.143.143.130

 

dpetri.net

MX

mail.dpetri.net

10

You should make sure the ISP has had all the necessary routing tables updated in order to provide Internet availability to your internal IP network range.

Note: It doesn't matter if the real host name of the mail server is NOT "mail". Internet hosts don't mind that, they just need to know what's the name of the mail server, and what's the IP address for that name.

 


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