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About Virtual LANs

Virtual LANs enable network managers to group users logically rather than by physical location. A virtual LAN (VLAN) is an emulation of a standard LAN that allows data transfer and communication to occur without the traditional restraints placed on the network. It can also be considered a broadcast domain set up within a switch. With VLANs, switches can support more than one subnet (or VLAN) on each switch, and give routers and switches the opportunity to support multiple subnets on a single physical link. A group of devices that belong to the same VLAN, but are part of different LAN segments, are configured to communicate as if they were part of the same LAN segment. Layer 3 switching supports up to 244 VLAN subinterfaces per system.

VLANs enable efficient traffic separation and provide excellent bandwidth utilization. VLANs also alleviate scaling issues by logically segmenting the physical LAN structure into different subnetworks so that packets are switched only between ports within the same VLAN. This can be very useful for security, broadcast containment, and accounting.

Layer 3 switching software supports a port-based VLAN on a trunk port, which is a port that carries the traffic of multiple VLANs. Each frame transmitted on a trunk link is tagged as belonging to only one VLAN.

Layer 3 switching software supports VLAN frame encapsulation through the Inter-Switch Link (ISL) protocol and the 802.1Q standard on both the Catalyst 2948G-L3 and the Catalyst 4908G-L3 switch routers.

Figure 5-1 shows a network topology where two VLANs span a Catalyst 5500 switch and a Catalyst 2948G-L3 switch router. Both VLANs in this topology are bridged using the Inter-Switch Link (ISL) protocol.


Figure 5-1   VLANs Spanning Devices in a Network

Note   Four adjacent Fast Ethernet ports on the Catalyst 2948G-L3 (such as Fast Ethernet 1 through 4 or Fast Ethernet 45 through 48) must all use the same VLAN encapsulation; that is, either ISL or 802.1Q.

 

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How to configure your Alcatel SpeedTouch ADSL modem to act as a transparent bridge?

This document describes how you can configure an Alcatel SpeedTouch Pro ADSL modem not to use NAT anymore, and not to perform the dialing to the ISP.

Note that you'll need a software login method to achieve a connection to ADSL. Alternatively, there are many relatively cheap and/or better Routers on the market which perform these "port forwarding" requirements in a much easier and reliable manner.

This process is often called BRIDGING. The Alcatel modem will not receive the true IP address from the ISP, instead it will be sent to your machine or Internet Gateway box (or router). BRIDGING in the case of the Pro, is just a fancy name for turning it into an ordinary ADSL modem and switching off the Security and Internet Sharing features. This often becomes necessary when trying to allow services like MSN Messenger, VPNs or even running certain Servers.

The difference between BRIDGING and DHCP SPOOFING (described here Configure Alcatel SpeedTouch ADSL for DHCP Spoofing) is that with bridging the end-machine/router does the dialing, and so it gets the real IP address from the ISP. With spoofing the modem dials for you, receives the IP address from the ISP, and then gives it to the end-machine/router.

As stated, this process will therefore eliminating NAT on the Alcatel modem. It is also useful for setups where combination of an Ethernet gateway routers which have PPTP dialer support are in placed. Doing so will enable you to configure an internal router or a server that has routing software installed and have it receive an IP address from your ISP - instead of having the modem obtain the address for you.

This method will work if one of the following assumptions is true:

  • Your modem is connected to the Internet and another computer is connected to your modem.
  • Your modem is connected to the Internet and you have a router that is connected to the modem. This router must have NAT capabilities and PPPoE dialing capabilities. The router will then be connected to a hub/switch, and to it other computers will connect.
  • Your modem is connected to the Internet and you have a server computer that is connected to the modem. This server must have Routing and NAT capabilities and will be configured to dial to the Internet. The server will then be configured with another NIC, and to it you connect another computer.
  • Your modem is connected to the Internet and you have a server computer that is connected to the modem. This server must have Routing and NAT capabilities and will be configured to dial to the Internet. The server will then be configured with another NIC, to which you will then connect a hub/switch, and to it other computers will connect.

Make a note of the fact that the modem will stop acting as a router with NAT/PAT which means that you'll have to connect it to a router or server that has NAT capabilities. Without such configuration you won't be able to connect to the Internet.

 


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